Warsaw Pact - The Warsaw Pact was an alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern Europe communist nations. It said that the United States would help countries that were threatened by "armed minorities or outside pressures". Truman Doctrine - The Truman Doctrine was an effort to stop the spread of communism. During the Cold War the Soviet Union and the United States were the two world superpowers. Superpower - A superpower is a country that is significantly stronger, especially in regards to their military, than most other countries. The United States, however, was the first to put a man on the Moon. Russia got off to a fast start by putting up the first satellite and the first manned flight into orbit. Space Race - The Space Race was a competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to explore space. It was led by Lech Walesa who became President of Poland in 1990. Solidarity - Solidarity was a movement in Poland to create a trade union that was not controlled by the communist party. It was when the United States and the Soviet Union agreed to limit the number of nuclear weapons they made. SALT - SALT stands for Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. People were scared that communists had infiltrated the government. Red Scare - The Red Scare was a time of extreme anti-communism in the United States. The United States and the Soviet Union fought proxy wars during the Cold War such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Proxy War - A proxy war is when two sides use third parties to fight rather than fighting each other directly. It included some private ownership of businesses. Perestroika - A term used by Mikhail Gorbachev to describe a reconstruction of the Soviet economy and industry. Nuclear weapon - A nuclear weapon is a device that uses nuclear forces to create a huge explosion capable of destroying an entire city. It is an alliance of democratic and western countries including much of Western Europe, Canada, and the United States. NATO - NATO stands for North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It comes from a time when Senator McCarthy of the US made several accusations of people being communists and traitors during the Cold War. McCarthyism - This is the term given to accusations of treason or disloyalty without having evidence. It is the basis of many communist governments. Marxism - Marxism is an economic and political philosophy named after its author German philosopher Karl Marx. The idea of the iron curtain was that it kept information and people from crossing from the communist east to the democratic west. Iron Curtain - The iron curtain was a descriptive term or symbol used to describe the border between the communist and democratic countries of Europe. Glasnost - Glasnost was a policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed for more openness in the Soviet government as well as some level of freedom of speech. It was based on a speech President Eisenhower gave to Congress and was a warning to the Soviet Union. It ended when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979.Įastern Bloc - The Eastern Bloc was a name given to the Soviet Union and its communist controlled states in Eastern Europe such as Poland, East Germany, and Bulgaria.Įisenhower Doctrine - The Eisenhower Doctrine stated that a country could ask for military support from the United States if it was threatened by another country. It started around 1971 and included President Nixon's visit to Moscow as well as the SALT talks. They also tried to outdo each other in weapons technology and defense.Ĭapitalism - An economic system based on private ownership (rather than government ownership) and the free market system.Ĭommunism - An economic system based on government ownership and control of resources.ĭétente - A softening or easing of relations between the United States and the Soviet Union. Glossary and Terms Arms Race - A competition between the United States and the Soviet Union to manufacture the most nuclear weapons.
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